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Photo by C. Goldsmith, P. Feorino, E. L. Palmer, W. R. McManus / CDC Public Health Image Library
The HIV-1 virus cultivated with human lymphocytes.

Photo by courtesy of the author
Carl Zimmer is the author of 12 books about science, including
A Planet of Viruses. He has also appeared on
RadioLab and
This American Life.
Originally published on Tue April 17, 2012 2:42 pm
If you've ever had a bacterial infection like staph or strep throat, your doctor may have prescribed penicillin. But if you've had the flu or a common cold virus, penicillin won't work. That's because antibacterials only kill bacteria, and both the flu and the common cold are viruses. So for illnesses like the flu, doctors prescribe antiviral drugs, which target the mechanisms that viruses use to reproduce.
"For example, there are antivirals for the flu that interfere with the virus as it tries to get out of its host cell," says science writer Carl Zimmer. "So this molecule latches on to that particular protein that the virus uses to escape, and interferes with it so that the virus is trapped inside."
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