It's never easy trying to figure out just what is going on in Iran.
But it has been especially difficult of late — after an explosion that reduced a missile base to rubble, another blast that was heard but not seen, and the mysterious case of the downed American stealth drone.
These events have left a slew of questions and very few answers.
The huge explosion at the missile base outside Tehran on Nov. 12 was heard in the capital, about 30 miles away, and, satellite pictures show, it devastated the base.
The second explosion came on Nov. 28, somewhere in or near Isfahan in western Iran. It was heard all over the city, and the local fire department went on alert. But there's no evidence of destruction.
And the American surveillance drone: Why was it lost and how did the Iranians end up with it?
"No one really knows the true nature of why these explosions and why these events have happened," says Nader Hashemi, an Iran analyst at the University of Denver.
Unexplained Explosions
The explosion at the missile base killed several dozen people, including one of Iran's top generals who headed the country's missile program.
Analysts who specialize in reading satellite photos have looked at the pattern of destruction and wondered what explosive materials were present, and how they were detonated.
Some have speculated that the devastation could have been sparked by an attack from the air, but there's no evidence of that.
Iran would say only that it was an accident, and that's how Muhammad Sahimi sees it. Sahimi is a professor at the University of Southern California and writes for the website Tehran Bureau.
"There is this culture of carelessness and at the same time inexperience. ... I have seen reports that Israel ... may have had a hand in creating the explosion, but in my view, the most likely cause of it was an accident," Sahimi says.
With the second explosion in Isfahan, the immediate question was whether something exploded at the uranium conversion facility outside the city. Isfahan is one of Iran's most important nuclear sites, producing a critical precursor of enriched uranium.
The blast was first reported on one official website. References were later removed with no explanation. Since then, only silence.
Suspicions Surrounding U.S. Drone
Next came the mystery of the drone, a CIA asset based in Afghanistan. The Americans lost control of it, and it ended up on Iranian TV last week. The Iranians say they seized control of it electronically.
There's no doubt it is an American drone. President Obama confirmed that on Monday.
"As has already been indicated, we have asked for it back. We'll see how the Iranians respond," Obama said.
What was it doing? It's a surveillance drone, capable of staying in the air for many hours. It was flying over eastern Iran, it appears, and that raises a suspicion in Sahimi's mind.
"I think they are looking for what they suspect to be secret nuclear facilities. That's why the drone was where it was," Sahimi says.
Iran's media have trumpeted the country's seizure of the drone as an intelligence coup. But the official explanation is puzzling, says Omid Memarian, an Iranian journalist who now lives in the United States.
"Many in Iran ... don't believe that the Iranian defense system is that sophisticated to target such a complicated and advanced spy aircraft," Memarian says.
Iranian Elite Unnerved
Iran watchers like Hashemi of the University of Denver believe Iran's leaders have their own set of questions and are confused and fearful about what is going on.
"They are deeply disturbed by this and the general sense within the ruling clerical elite is that these events have been instigated from abroad," Hashemi says.
So even though the most likely explanations may be the simplest, there are reasons to go beyond simple answers, says Ali Vaez, head of the Iran Project at the Federation of American Scientists.
"This can very well be as a result of an accident," he says, "but it also looks like it's a concerted effort to push back Iran's nuclear weaponization program."
And some might wonder whether a covert war is already under way in Iran.
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